Town walls which received stone in 1450. Had five gate of which Fisher Gate of c.1384 and mid C14 Barbican gate protecting bridge survive, though substantially rebuilt. Had two storey Great Bulwark, well provisioned with cannon, possibly modified from earlier castle. Earth ramparts survive. (some suggest that only gates where ever of stone)

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Name	Sandwich Town Wall and Great Bulwark
Alternative Names
Historic County	Kent
Civil Parish	Sandwich
Type	Urban Defence
Confidence	Certain
Remains	Masonry ruins/remnants
Listed	Grade 1
Scheduled Ancient Monument	Yes
Ordnance Survey Reference	TR329579
Eastings	632950
Northing	157900
Images of England Reference	177297
PastScape Reference	468369
Historic Environment Record	TR 35 NW 15

Multi Map

StreetMaps

Books

• Creighton, O.H. and Higham, R.A., 2005, Medieval Town Walls (Stroud: Tempus) p36-7, 57, 89, 139, 141, 163, 205, 237, 261
• Salter, Mike, 2000, The Castles of Kent (Malvern) p70
• Bragard, P., Termote, J. and Williams, J., 1999, Walking the walls: historic town defences in Kent, Côte d'Opale and West Flanders (Maidstone)
• Pettifer, A., 1995, English Castles, A guide by counties (Woodbridge) p128
• Bond, C.J., 1987, 'Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Defences' in Schofield, J. and Leech, R. (eds) Urban Archaeology in Britain (CBA Research Report) p92-116
• King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol1 p239
• Barley, M.W., 1975, 'Town Defences in England and Wales after 1066' in Barley (ed) Medieval Towns in England and Wales (CBA research reports) pp57-71
• Turner, H.L., 1971, Town Defences in England and Wales (London) p163-5
• Harvey, Alfred, 1911, Castles and Walled Towns of England (Methuen and Co) p207
• Gardiner, D., 1954, Historic Haven: the story of Sandwich (Derby: Pilgrim Press) p136-7
• Hasted, Edward, 1800 (2edn), A History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent Vol10 p152- http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63619
• Boys, Wm, 1792, Collections for a History of Sandwich

Antiquarian

• William Camden, 1607, Britannia [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/kenteng.html#kent28]
• Chandler, John, 1993, John Leland's Itinerary: travels in Tudor England (Sutton Publishing) p250
• Toulmin-Smith, Lucy (ed), 1910, The itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535-1543 (Bell and Sons; London) Vol4 p48 http://www.archive.org/details/itineraryofjohnl04lelauoft

Journals

• Parkin, E.W., 1984, ‘The ancient Cinque Port of Sandwich' Archaeologia Cantiana Vol100 p189–216
• Youngs, S.M. and Clark, J., 1981, ‘Medieval Britain in 1980' Medieval Archaeology Vol25 p209 [downloadable via http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/resources.html?medarch]
• Kenyon, J.R., 1981 'Early Artillery Fortifications in England and Wales: a Preliminary Survey and Re-appraisal' Archaeological Journal Vol138 p215
• 1978, Kent Archaeological review Vol52 p67
• Webster, L.E. and Cherry, J., 1980, ‘Medieval Britain in 1979' Medieval Archaeology Vol24 p253 [downloadable via http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/resources.html?medarch]
• Tatton-Brown, T., 1978, ‘The Sandown Gate at Sandwich' Archaeologia Cantiana Vol94 p151-6
• Parkin, E.W., 1970, Archaeological Journal Vol126 p220-1
• Clapham, A.W., 1929, Archaeological Journal Vol86 p289-90

Primary Sources

• CPR (1321-1324) p14; (1381-1385) p534; (1385-1389) p268; (1401-1405) p489; (1408-1413) p425 [murage grants]
• CCloseR (1339-1341) p237; (1381-1385) p520; CPR (1385-1389) p140; (1461-1467) p63; (1461-1467) p465; CCloseR (1476-1485) p47-8; CPR (1476-1485) p405 [other grants, monies and acts for defences]